PAST TENSE
Simple past tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
1. ) The pattern :
(+) subject + V2 + complement
(-) subject + did not + Verb 2 + complement
(?) did + subject + V1

2. ) The examples :
(+) I went to Tangkiling hill yesterday
(-) I did not went to Tangkiling hill yesterday
(?) did I go to Tangkiling hill yesterday?

) Adverbs used : yesterday,last night,last week two days ago,a few minutes ago,last weekend,….etc


PRESENT TENSE
Present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general statement of the fact)kebiasaan sehari-hari (habitual activities)

Formula of present tense
(+) he,she,it +V1 +s/es
(-) he,she,it, + does + not +V1
(?) does + he,she,it + V1 ?

Example : (+) he work in the office everyday
(-) does not work in the office everyday
(?) does he work in the office everyday

(+) I,you,we,they + V1
(-) I,you,we,they + do + not
(?) do + I,you,we,they + V1

Example : (+) I study everyday
(-) I don’t study everyday
(?) do I study everyday


GREETING

Greeting is an expressions with aim to ask news or says thank you and thing that is firstly is done when will talk.

Standard competency :
To comprehend and express the meanings within transactional and interpersonal conversation about greetings in the context of daily life.

Basic competency :
To respond and express the meanings within the formal/informal transactional and interpersonal conversation accurately and fluently that contains the introduction expressions(greeting),invitation,and appointment.

Greeting card is a piece paper (usually is decorated with picture)and applied to give congratulations or prays for someone and etc.
Example :
• Utterance card condoles (kartu ucapan turut berduka cita)
• Felicitation card (kartu ucapan selamat)
• Utterance card quickly recovers (kartu ucapan semoga cepat sembuh)
• Christmas card
*Formal greeting*
 Good morning
 Good afternoon
 Good evening
 Good night
*informal greeting*
 Hello……..!
 Hi………!
 Morning……..!
*initial greeting*
 How are going?
 How are you?
 How is life?
*responding*
 I’m good
 Fine,thanks
 Very well,thank you
 Oh,pretty good.
*how do you greet other people*?
 Good morning/afternoon/evening
 Hi,cindy !
 How are you getting along ?
 How’re you?
 How’s everything with you?
 Hello,vina
 How are you doing?
*introduce yourself*
 Hi,my name is wenny puspita,but you can call me is wenny.
 Let me introduce my self,my name is wenny.
*introduce other people*
 I would like to introduce Viska
 I would like you to meet Rina
 Excuse me,let me introduce you my new friend,his name is Ricky permana
*close or end conversation*
 I’m sorry,but I have to go now.bye-bye
 Well,I should be going now.see you!
 It’s been nice talking with you.see you later
*leave talking*
 See you later
 See you tonight
 Good night
 See you soon
 Good bye
 Bye-bye;by now;take care

PERFECT TENSE

Present perfect tense (PPT) is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present : he has arrived.now he is here.this holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.
Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verbs past participle form :
 I have arrived
a.negation is produced by inserting not after have/has
 I have not arrived
Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has :
 Has she arrived ?

Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to described an action or an event that started in certain time in the past and completed of finished till certain in the past too : or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened.

The pattern :
(+) subject + had + verb 3 + complement
(-) subject + had not + verb 3 + complement
(?) had + subject + verb 3 + complement
Example :
(+) we had eaten before they came
(-) we had not eaten before they came
(?) had we eaten before we came?

SPEAKING : SPEECH
We use indirech speech when we report what people said.in indirech speech,the tense ussually goes”one step”.look at the table bellow.

Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present tense
“I always go to school” Simple past tense“she said that she always went to school”
Present continous”I’m
Doing my homework” Past continous”she said that she was doing her homework”
Simple past/present perfect
“I did n’t do my test well”
“I have sent an email” Past perfect”she sait that she hat not done her test well”
“she said that she had sent an email”
Modals
“I’ll see you at the party”
“you must be carefull” Modals
“she said that she would see me at the party”
She said that I had to be carefull.


ADVERTISEMENT
Advertisement an information for persuading and motivating people so that they will attract to the service and the things that are offered or informed

*function of advertisement*
 Promotion
 Communication
 Information
In making advertisement,keep the following points :
1.language of advertisement :
 Using the correct or suitable words
 Using the interesting and suggestive expressions
 Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals
2.content of advertisement :
 Objective and honest
 Brief and clear
 Not allude group or other producer

*kinds of advertisement*
1.invitation advertisement
2.Requested advertisement
3.family advertisement
4.sponsored advertisement
5.news advertisement
6.announcement advertisement
7.married advertisement
8.good advertisement

*media of advertisement*
 Billboard
 Radio
 Television
 Pamflet
 Etc